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5-13-proverka-ispravnosti-funkcionirovaniya-i-obsluzhivanie-sistem-otopleniya-i-kondicionirovaniya-vozdukha.html
5.13. Check of serviceability of functioning and service of systems of heating and air conditioning
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Information provided below has the general character and is not adhered to a concrete design of components of system. |
Central air
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Air central air constantly is under a high pressure. At all do not disconnect refrigerator lines and do not remove any components of system, previously without having executed a discharge of the last. The discharge of central air of air should be made by strengths of the skilled expert in the conditions of a car-care center workshop. At a rassoyedineniye of refrigerator lines surely put on goggles! |
The control checks listed below should be made on a regular basis for the purpose of maintenance of central air of air in good repair:
- Check a condition of a belt of a drive of the compressor. In case of detection of defects or signs of wear make replacement (see. Head Routine maintenance);
- Check effort of a tension of a driving belt, in case of need make the corresponding adjustment (see. Head Routine maintenance);
- Check hoses of a refrigerator path on existence of cracks, swellings, signs of hardening and rubber aging, estimate a condition of shtutserny connections. Defective components replace;
- Check plates of the heat exchanger of the condenser on existence of the remains which have got stuck between them of insects, old leaves and other garbage. In case of need clean gaps a thin brush, or blow them the compressed air;
- Check level of a charge of system (see below);
- At detection потеков waters on rugs in salon under the dashboard remove a drainage tube of removal of condensate from a casing of the evaporator and a piece of a wire check passableness of both openings.
Central air of air should join at least for 10 minutes not less often than once a month (even in a winter season). Long inaction To/in leads to hardening and failure of sealing rings and cuffs of a connecting path.
Taking place leaks in a path in the best way are shown at increase in working parameters of system (temperature and pressure) — leave the conditioner included on 5 — 10 minutes at the working engine. Sources of leaks can be revealed on потекам oils.
In view of complexity of a design of system and need of use of the special equipment, its service, deep diagnostics and regenerative repair lie outside the limits of qualification of the average amateur mechanic and should be made in the conditions of a car-care center workshop. The elementary checks only listed below in the present section get to competence of the owner of the car and replacements.
If the system does not function at all, check a condition of the corresponding safety lock and the relay.
The most typical cause of infringement of serviceability of functioning To/in is decrease in level of a charge of refrigerator oil. The elementary checks given below will allow to reveal signs of decrease in level of a coolant quickly.
Check of level of a charge of a coolant
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- Warm up the engine to normal working temperature.
- Include To/in on the maximum hladoproizvoditelnost. Choose the maximum high-speed mode of the fan. Open doors to avoid cyclic shutdowns of system when cooling the air volume closed in salon.
- Operation of the coupling of coupling of the To/in compressor is accompanied by distinctly heard click after which the central part of the coupling should start to rotate. After the temperature of system will reach working value, feel two connected to the evaporator on a partition of an impellent compartment of a tube.
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- Thinner tube going to the evaporator from the target union of the condenser, should be to the touch rather cold. The tube is thicker, going from the final union of the evaporator back to the compressor, should be a little more (on 2 — 6 degrees) more cold. If the final tube is to the touch much warmer inlet, therefore, the system needs additional charge. Enter the thermometer into a target air line via the central deflector on the dashboard. At included To/in temperature of air leaving the deflector should be on 2 — 4.5 degrees lower than ambient temperature (up to value 4.5°С). In very hot weather (above +40°С), increase of target temperature to level of 15.7 °C, but is admissible no more. If the conditioner does not provide demanded intensity of cooling of air, it is necessary to make system additional charge. For more detailed diagnostics of a condition of system the car should be driven away in a specialized workshop.
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- Glance in the observation port which has been usually provided in a cover of assembly of a receiver dehumidifier — coolant foaming in a receiver testifies to falling of its level. In hot weather bubbles can be present at an observation port even at normal level of working liquid — after system shutdown foaming should stop.
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Coolant addition
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For a charging of central air of air of cars considered in the real Management it is necessary to use only refrigerator R-134a oil. |
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- Prepare standard charging set R-134a (ask in shops of automobile accessories). The structure of a set includes a ballonchik with refrigerator oil, a ventilny nozzle and the piece of a hose connected between the gate and the union of a low-pressure head part of a refrigerator path. As one ballonchik of oil it can appear insufficiently for a final charging of system, it is meaningful to buy just in case at once pair. Track, that at least in one of ballonchik oil was tinted in red color that will allow to reveal quickly leakages of a coolant in case of those.
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At all do not fill in system more than two ballonchik of a coolant! |
- According to instructions of manufacturers connect a charging set to the LOW-PRESSURE HEAD part of a refrigerator path.
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At all do not make attempts of connection of a set to the union of a high-pressure head part of a path! The design of shtutserny connections allows to make set connection only to a low-pressure head part of system. |
- Close the gate on a transitional nozzle and screw the last on a ballonchik head, previously having made sure available a sealing ring / rubber laying.
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Remove a dustproof cap from the union of a low-pressure head part of a refrigerator path and connect to it equipped with the socket of fast joining a hose of a charging set.
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The design of shtutserny knots will not allow to make set connection to a high-pressure head part of a path. |
- Warm up the engine to normal working temperature and include К/В. Track, that the hose of a charging set did not adjoin to blades of the fan of system of cooling and other moving components in an impellent compartment.
- Rotation of a ventilny nozzle pierce a ballonchik head, having opened thereby coolant giving (the characteristic sound of escaping gas should be heard). In the course of all charging discipline a ballonchik vertically, from time to time stirring up it. It is necessary to interrupt a charging, when temperatures of inlet and final tubes of the evaporator are compared. Between series of a charging do a pause necessary for stabilization of system.
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At all do not download in system more than two ballonchik of a coolant! In order to avoid a ballonchik icing in the course of filling wrap up its towel moistened in warm water. |
- In the presence of near at hand exact thermometer enter it in via the deflector into the central air line To/in and watch on it temperature of air submitted to salon (see above).
- When the ballonchik will become empty, block the gate and disconnect a hose from the low-pressure head union of system. At once put on the union a dustproof cap.
- Disconnect from a ballonchik a ventilny nozzle, in case of need rearrange it on the second ballonchik and continue filling. On termination of procedure put an unfinished ballonchik vertically on a rack and as required use it for system additional charge.
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Heating system
If the heater does not provide due heating of air submitted to salon, one of the following can be the reason of such refusal:
- The thermostat is jammed in open situation that does not allow submitted to heat up to the heat exchanger of a heater of cooling liquid of the engine to normal temperature. Replace the thermostat (see. Service of system of cooling);
- Violation of passableness of an okhladitelny path that blocks supply of cooling liquid in the heater heat exchanger takes place. Feel the hoses connected to branch pipes on a back partition of an impellent compartment — both of them should be hot, otherwise passableness of a path is broken (hoses, the heat exchanger, or an operating zaslonka of a heater) are blocked. Disconnect hoses and make obratnopotochny washing of the heat exchanger. Wash out also both hoses;
- If to restore passableness of the heat exchanger by washing it is not possible, it is necessary to make its replacement.
If speed of rotation of the fan of a heater does not correspond to chosen position of the corresponding switch on the system control panel, check a condition of a safety lock, connecting electroconducting, the relay, the switch and resistive assembly.
If the air outlet via deflectors at all is absent, undertake the following actions:
- Include ignition and activate the heater fan. Press an ear to the deflector and try to define aurally, whether the driving motor functions;
- If the sounds confirming serviceability of functioning of the motor are absent, and resistive assembly as it should be, it is necessary to replace the electromotor.
Carpet moistening on a floor under the heater heat exchanger, or a steam-out via deflectors of air lines tell about leakages of the heat exchanger. Remove the heat exchanger and replace it new (the heater heat exchanger is not subject to regenerative repair).
Check passableness of the drainage hose going from assembly of the heater/evaporator and laid of the spravy party of a partition. Blocking of this hose can lead to a steam-out from deflectors of air lines at heater inclusion.
Elimination of smells of central air of air
The unpleasant smells often arising at inclusion To/in, are caused by formation of colonies of a mold on plates of the heat exchanger of the evaporator. The warm damp environment creates favorable conditions for emergence and development of fungoid microorganisms.
Access to the evaporator heat exchanger on the majority of models is extremely limited. Procedure of the guaranteed complete removal of the mold, carried out in the conditions of a workshop of car-care center is rather labor-consuming, takes away a lot of time and demands application of strong disinfectants. In principle, rather effective processing can be executed and in house conditions by own strengths of the owner of the car.
In the aerosol packaging, intended for service of central airs of air, it is possible to get special disinfectants practically in any shop of automobile accessories. It is necessary to remember that the price of means is usually directly proportional to its efficiency. Switch system in a mode of the closed air circulation and for ten minutes turn on the heater fan for the maximum speed. For the purpose of drying of system include heating on the maximum intensity. Disconnect electroconducting from the compressor for the purpose of prevention of its operation.
Giving of means is usually carried out through a long hose according to instructions of his manufacturer. Try to process all surface of the heat exchanger most fully. Duration of each operation cycle and intervals between series should be specified on a container label.
The best preventive measure against emergence of colonies of a mold in the heat exchanger of the evaporator is regular check of passableness of a drainage tube, and also short-term inclusion of a mode of removal of condensate after each distant trip with working conditioner for the purpose of evaporator drying.
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